Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the simplest type of organic compounds and form the basis of many fuels, plastics, and chemicals.
Key Features of Hydrocarbons
- Composition: Only hydrogen (H) and carbon (C).
- Energy source: Many hydrocarbons are flammable and used as fuels.
- Structure types: They can have chains or rings, straight or branched.
Classification of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are broadly classified into two main types:
1. Alkanes (Saturated)
- Only single bonds between carbon atoms.
- They are generally less reactive.
- Example types: Methane, Ethane, Propane.
2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
- More reactive than alkanes.
- Subtypes:
- Alkenes – contain double bonds
- Alkynes – contain triple bonds
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Contain special ring structures with delocalized electrons.
- Follow Hückel’s rule.
- Examples: Benzene, Toluene.
In short:
Hydrocarbons are compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen, and they can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, depending on the types of bonds and structure.