Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. They are one of the main nutrients required by living organisms and serve as the primary source of energy for the body.
Carbohydrates are found in foods like rice, bread, fruits, and vegetables. When consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells to produce energy. Extra glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.
Functions of carbohydrates include providing energy, storing energy, forming structural components in plants (like cellulose), and helping in cell recognition and communication.
Carbohydrates can be classified into three main types:
- Monosaccharides – single sugar units such as glucose and fructose.
- Disaccharides – two sugar units such as sucrose and lactose.
- Polysaccharides – long chains of sugar units such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
In summary, carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that supply energy, support structure, and play key roles in biological processes.